Melanoma

A dark colored skin cancer arising from the melanocyte, the pigment containing cells of the skin located in the deepest layer of the epidermis.  It is most common in Caucasions, especially those with a fair complexion, light colored eyes, and red or blonde hair, though it can affect anyone.  It is more common with advanced age, when a large number of moles or unusual moles are present, and in individuals with certain inherited diseases such as dysplastic nevus syndrome, xeroderma pigmentosum and immune deficiencies, and with increased exposure to UV radiation due to high intensity sunlight or excessive tanning.  It is the most common form of cancer in adults under 30.    Most melanomas are the result of damage to the DNA in the melanocyte caused by ultraviolet (UV) radiation.  It causes 75% of all deaths from skin cancer.  Symptoms include raised skin growths which are not of uniform shape, have irregular borders, have variations of color within the same growth, and are larger than ¼ inch (6 mm).  Other signs are skin growths that are constantly itchy or bleed, as well as partly pigmented streaks or areas beneath a nail or on the soles of the feet or palm.  Treatment includes surgical removal of the growth and some tissue around it.  Chemotherapy and radiation are also used of the tumors have spread.  Cure rates are about 95% if treated early.